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1.
In. Travassos da Rosa, Amelia P. A; Vasconcelos, Pedro F. C; Travassos da Rosa, Jorge F. S. An Overview of Arbovirology in Brazil and Neighbouring Countries. Belem, Instituto Evandro Chagas, 1998. p.135-53, mapas, tab.
Monography in English | LILACS | ID: lil-248902

ABSTRACT

This is a review of the arboviruses in Argentina belonging to families Flaviridae, Bunyaviridae and Rhabdoviridae. Of the many viruses belonging to these families, the flavivirus St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), has been most intensively studied. SLE virus strains have been recovered from three sources: 2 strains from humans with an undifferentiated, febrile disease; 6 from mosquitoes; and 2 from rodents. The viruses recovered from rodents are attenuated and those from mosquitoes are virulent based on a neuroinvasiveness test in mice; the degree of virulence of the mosquito strains remain to be analyzed. Serological surveys indicate a wide distribution and endemicity of SLE virus in the temperate and subtropical areas (central and northern Argentina), but no data are available from the andean region or from the South. The virulent SLE virus strains appear to be transmitted between Culex (Cx.)spp. from which they were isolated, and wild birds, based on antobody prevalence. A urban cycle may involve Cx. quinquefasciatus (source of a viral isolate and a competent experimental vector) and abundant birds (house sparrows, doves, and/or chickens), chickens are experimentally competent host species. Despite similarities in the ecology of SLE between Argentina and North America, urban outbreaks of SLE have not been recognized. Possible explanations for this discrepancy include virus strain differences in virulenc, ecologic factors determining the rate of virus transmission, and the lack of disease recognition and specific laboratory diagnosis of human meningoencephalitis. The transmission cycle of attenuated SLE virus strains isolated from rodentshas not been studied. Ilheus virus has isolated only once from a human being. The available serological data are difficult to interpret due to cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses, and the ecologyand medical importance of this agent remain uncertain. Dengue has not been recognized in Argentina since 1916, although is vector, Aedes aegypti, was not erradicated until 1963. Dengue was previously present in coastal localities of Chaco. Corrientes and Misiones Provinces. Within the last few years, Argentina was reinfested by Ae. aegypti. Although no human cases have vet been reported, outbreaks of dengue in bordering countries (Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia) since 1986, cleary signal that the country in once againat risk of importantion ans spread of the virus


Subject(s)
Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/isolation & purification , Encephalomyelitis, Equine , Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/diagnosis , Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/epidemiology , Togaviridae Infections/diagnosis , Togaviridae Infections/epidemiology , Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/isolation & purification
2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-24455

ABSTRACT

An outbreak of encephalitis in Bellary district of Karnataka state and adjoining areas of Andhra Pradesh which occurred during October 1986 to January, 1987, has been investigated. Out of the 219 patients reported, 110 were from Bellary district and the remaining 109 were from Anantapur and Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh; 131 (59.8%) were males and 88 (40.2%) females, while 192 (87.7%) patients were aged 10 yr and below. Sixty one patients died giving a case fatality rate of 27.9 per cent. Virological/serological investigations were carried out on 153 patients. Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus was isolated from the brain tissue of 2 cases. On the basis of the results of serological tests and virus isolation, a flavivirus (JE/WN/DEN) etiology could be established in 116 (75.8%) patients.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Outbreaks , Encephalitis, Japanese/epidemiology , Female , Flavivirus/isolation & purification , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant , Male , Togaviridae Infections/epidemiology , West Nile Fever/epidemiology
3.
s.l; s.n; 1990. 139 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-102572

ABSTRACT

Realizou-se revisäo bibliográfica sobre a utilizaçäo do teste imunoenzimático, ELISA na vigilância Epidemiológica de infecçöes causadas por arbovírus da família Flaviviridae, gênero Flavivirus e da Família Togaviridae, gênero Alphavirus. O teste tem sido empregado na pesquisa de anticorpos humanos, de anticorpos e antígenos em reservatórios näo humanos e na identificaçäo de antígenos e da fonte alimentar de mosquitos vetores. Analisou-se o desempenho de ELISA comparando-o a técnicas empregadas para identificaçäo de anticorpos e antígenos de arbovirus. O teste apresentou 100,0 por cento de sensibilidade e especificidade média de 84,5 por cento na identificaçäo de anticorpos anti-Alphavirus em humanos. Foi muito sensível para Flavivirus, com valor médio de 95,2 por cento e especificidade média de 77,6 por cento. Na identificaçäo de anticorpos anti-arbovirus em reservatórios näo humanos, ELISA mostrou sensibilidade de 100,0 por cento e especificidade de 97,4 por cento e na pesquisa de antígenos virais em mosquitos vetores, especificidade média de 93,6 por cento e sensibilidade média de 76,5 por cento. Apresentou alto valor preditivo positivo, observado no cálculo da média dos valores apresentados nos trabalhos em que esse parâmetro foi pesquisado e obteve-se um resultado de 89,0 por cento. No estudo da reprodutividade do teste, observou-se coeficiente de variaçäo de 3,0 a 14,0 por cento nos resultados


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring , Togaviridae/immunology , Togaviridae Infections/epidemiology , Carrier State/immunology , Predictive Value of Tests , Flavivirus/immunology , Culicidae/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Antigens, Viral/analysis
4.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 31(1): 28-31, jan.-fev. 1989. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-89033

ABSTRACT

Descreve-se o achado sorológico de anticorpos IgM para vírus Rocio em duas crianças da área rural do Vale do Ribeira, Estado de Säo Paulo. O vírus Rocio foi responsável por extensa epidemia de encefalite na regiäo na regiäo em 1975-1977. Desde 1980 näo têm sido diagnosticados casos de doença. Impöe-se a ativaçäo de medidas dirigidas a vigilância epidemiológica desta arbovirose


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Flavivirus/immunology , Togaviridae Infections/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Neutralization Tests
5.
s.l; Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical; 1985. 187 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-36863

ABSTRACT

Soros de 75 pacientes que apresentaram encefalite, foram testados por técnica imunoenzimática, ELISA, utilizando-se microplacas de poliestireno sensibilizadas com anti-IgM humana. Dos 75 doentes, 23 apresentavam sorologia positiva indicativa de infecçäo aguda por vírus Rocio, 48 tinham resultados sorológicos inconclusivos e 4, soros näo reagentes para o vírus. No desenvolvimento do teste imunoenzimático as placas foram incubadas com os soros dos pacientes nas diluiçöes 1/10 e 1/100, com os extratos antigênicos dos flavivírus Rocio, Ilhéus e da encefalite St. Louis, préviamente titulados, e com o conjugado de anticorpo monoclonal marcado com fosfatase alcalina. A reaçäo foi revelada com substrato de p-nitrofenil fosfato e avaliada espectrofotométricamente em 410nm; nos testes foram incluídos controles de soros negativos e positivo e conjugado. Obtiveram-se resultados positivos com teste ELISA nos 23 pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado (nas 2 amostras de soro em 21 e em uma amostra em 2) e em 85,4% (41/48) dos doentes com resultados inconclusivos por IH e FC. Nos 4 soros näo reagentes o teste ELISA foi negativo. Para verificar a possível presença de anticorpos IgM näo específicos, 35 soros positivos por ELISA foram retestados depois de absorvidos com gama-globulina agregada pelo calor,segundo procedimentos de Camargo et al. (1972), observando-se em 34 variaçäo näo significativa dos valores obtidos antes da absorçäo


Subject(s)
Humans , Togaviridae Infections/prevention & control , Complement Fixation Tests , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests , Flavivirus/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Togaviridae Infections/epidemiology , Brazil
7.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 1980 Jun; 11(2): 184-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-34355

ABSTRACT

Hemagglutination inhibition tests for antibody against chikungunya virus and the four dengue viruses were performed on a rural Thai village population. The 50% and 90% prevalence indices fell at about ages 3 and 15 for dengue virus exposure. This is considerably earlier exposure than comparable urban populations. The prevalence of chikungunya virus antibody was also age related with 50% prevalence at about age 45.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Rural Population , Thailand , Togaviridae Infections/epidemiology
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